VPIP
自愿入池率
Context: Poker term: VPIP (Voluntarily Put In Pot) VPIP (Voluntarily Put In Pot) measures how often a player voluntarily puts chips into the pot, i.e., the percentage of hands in which a player voluntarily calls or raises preflop, excluding folds or forced blinds. This metric directly reflects a player's looseness/tightness: a low VPIP (e.g., below 15%) indicates conservative play, only playing strong hands; a high VPIP (e.g., above 40%) indicates aggressive play, participating in many hands. In practice, VPIP is a fundamental stat for analyzing opponent tendencies, helping to assess the reliability of their range. For example, if a player voluntarily enters 25 pots out of 100 hands, their VPIP is 25%, which is moderately tight. It can be inferred that their preflop range consists of at least medium-strength hands, and subsequent actions should be wary of their bluffing frequency.
Voluntarily Put Money In Pot (VPIP)
Overview
VPIP (Voluntarily Put Money In Pot) is one of the most basic statistical indicators in Texas Hold'em, used to measure how often a player actively enters the pot. It calculates the proportion of hands in which a player voluntarily bets, raises, or calls (excluding blinds) when given the opportunity to act. VPIP is typically expressed as a percentage; a higher number indicates the player enters pots more frequently.
Calculation Method
VPIP = (Number of hands where chips were voluntarily put in / Total number of hands) × 100%.
Note: The big blind "checking for free" preflop is not counted in VPIP, as it is forced. It is only counted when the player voluntarily calls, raises, or bets.
Typical Ranges
- Tight-Aggressive (TAG): VPIP around 15%-20%
- Loose-Aggressive (LAG): VPIP around 25%-35%
- Loose-Passive: VPIP may exceed 40%
- Extremely Tight (Rock): VPIP below 10%
Applications
VPIP is an important basis for judging an opponent's style. A low VPIP means the opponent is selective with starting hands and typically only enters with strong hands; a high VPIP indicates the opponent plays many marginal hands and is easier to exploit. In online poker, VPIP is often combined with PFR (Preflop Raise) to distinguish passive players (high VPIP, low PFR) from aggressive players (high VPIP, high PFR).
Notes
VPIP is affected by table dynamics and position. For example, players on the button usually have a higher VPIP because positional advantage allows them to play more hands. Additionally, in short-handed games or late stages of tournaments, VPIP may increase due to blind pressure.