全压弃牌图表（Push Fold Chart）
Push Fold Chart
In the late stages of a Texas Hold'em tournament typically the bubble or nearing the money, a push-fold chart is a reference table that guides players on when to go all-in or fold, based on stack depth and position.
Overview
A Push-Fold Chart is a strategic tool commonly used in late tournament stages (especially when the blind level is high and the average stack is 10–20 big blinds). At these stages, pot odds and the value of stealing blinds increase significantly, while post-flop play is limited, so decisions are simplified to "push" or "fold." The chart typically measures players' stack depth in "big blinds" (BB) and lists suggested push ranges by position (e.g., under the gun, button, etc.).
Theory
The chart is based on game-theory optimal strategy (GTO) or the Independent Chip Model (ICM). GTO charts provide balanced push/fold ranges assuming all players play optimally; ICM charts account for tournament payout structures and calculate expected value ($EV$) against calling ranges, which is especially critical near the bubble. A typical chart shows:
- Stack depth (e.g., 10BB, 8BB, 5BB)
- Position (early, middle, late, blinds)
- Suggested push hands (e.g., "all pairs, any Ace, two cards higher than Jack," etc.)
Use Scenarios
- Late tournament: Blinds are large, post-flop decisions are costly, so the chart simplifies strategy.
- Against tight-passive players: If opponents fold more often than the chart assumes, you can expand your jam range.
- Example: You have 8BB on the button. The chart shows you can push any Ax, any pair, suited connectors like 76s. If the small blind has a tight calling range, you can safely push.
Notes
Charts are static simplified models; actual play requires dynamic adjustments:
- Opponents' calling tendencies (loose or tight) change the optimal range.
- When you are chip leader or short-stacked, ICM charts suggest more conservative or aggressive play.
- The number of remaining players and blind structure affect decisions.
Extensions
Many poker learning tools (e.g., Hold'em Manager, PokerTracker) include dynamic push-fold calculators that give real-time recommendations based on opponent ranges. Beginners can start by memorizing classic charts (e.g., the 10BB push-fold ranges from "Kill Everyone") and then gradually learn to adjust.